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The next speaker in this session at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno is Guillem Lloret i Triola, whose focus is on the analysis of metaphors in the Catalan electoral campaign of 2021. This builds on a complete corpus of speeches during the campaign, which took place after the annulled independence referendum and the exiling of pro-independence political leaders. This marked the end of the independence cycle, also against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The analysis of the speeches during the election builds on critical discourse analysis and critical metaphor analysis, and translates this to political communication in the …

The post-lunch session on this last day at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno is on computational methods for political discourse analysis, and starts with Felipe Barreto-Storandt. He begins by noting the growing adoption of LLMs in communication research, but also highlights that there are no standard methodologies for using them yet; this is experimental at this point, and not a planned feature by their designers.

Often they are simply run once over a dataset, though, and this creates only one data point. But because LLMs are stochastic, they will produce different scores every time; this means that multiple runs …

The next speaker at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno is by Leon Xiao, whose focus is on the regulation of Very Large Online Platforms and Search Engines (VLOPs and VLOSEs) by the EU Digital Services Act; these are defined as having more than 45 million active users in the EU (10% of the total EU population). 25 such platforms had already been identified (two of those VLOSEs, the remainder VLOPs); three more were added recently (including ChatGPT, as a VLOSE).

Under DSA Article 39, these now need to provide a publicly accessible, transparent, and searchable repository of advertising on …

The next speaker in this session at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno is Bjarki Valtysson, whose focus is on regulating the cultural production of Danish influencers, with a case study of parents and child influencers Jas and Mika, who construct a platforms ecosystem based on perceptions of family life, authenticity, and intimacy, while promoting brands, products, and commercial ventures. This takes place in a legislative grey zone.

These influencers have some 317,000 YouTube subscribers, which has very large by Danish standards; they post long (~25 minutes) videos on YouTube and Instagram every Sunday morning (and their dog has his …

The next speakers at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno are Guna Spurava and Arjen van Dalen, with a focus on algorithmic content recommendations and media governance in the Nordic and Baltic region. Both perspectives may have valuable contributions to make here. Algorithmic content recommendation systems affect how people access news and information, and this is a challenge for media regulation; is there a new governance paradigm emerging here, or to regulators continue on established (and perhaps no longer appropriate) paths?

Communication values are normative principles about what communication should achieve; in the Nordic countries these extend overall welfare state …

The next speaker in this session at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno is Neil Thurman, whose focus is on age verification legislation across various states in the US, and its effect on the consumption of online pornography by under-18s. This is observed here via clickstream data.

Concerns about online pornography are as old as the Internet itself, and were instrumental in the development of the controversial US Communication Decency Act (CDA), signed into law by Bill Clinton in 1996 and subsequently found to be unconstitutional; the US has not had any federal legislation to restrict online pornography since then …

The next panel at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno that I’m attending is on social media platform practices, and it starts with a presentation by Steliyana Doseva and Danilo Harles, whose focus is on the handling of offensive content on social media. Social media provide many opportunities for communication, but this also includes the spread of problematic and offensive content. The EU Digital Services Act requires platforms to provide mechanisms for reporting such content, and to show how they address this content.

However, while the DSA creates a shared responsibility across the EU, contexts and reporting behaviours differ between …

The next speaker in this session at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno is Ruth Wendt, who highlights the many uses that social media can be put to, and the many risks which critics have identified: opportunities for networking, social connection, peer support, information retrieval, etc. are juxtaposed with concerns about cyberbullying, child exploitation, misinformation, etc.

Studies to date have found only very weak association between time spent on social media and wellbeing, but studies on minors remain rare; social media bans in Australia and elsewhere are an unfortunate natural experiment which will shine further light on this. There are …

The next speaker in this session at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno is the great Anja Bechmann, who adds some empirical data on how younger users are actually engaging with social media platforms. The focus here is on Danish users aged 18-35, and on YouTube, and on users with ‘deviant’ personality profiles including extroversion and neuroticism.

This study worked with some 1,000 Danish participants who donated log files of YouTube use and engaged in a 25-minute survey about their usage practices; this enabled the project to examine, for instance, the time spent on the platform at various times in …

The next speaker in this session at the ECREA 2026 conference in Brno is my QUT colleague Kim Osman. She presents a project by the Centre for the Digital Child, which actually consulted children and young people about their perspectives on the impending social media ban; this took place against the uncertain and shifting background of Australian policy-making, which was (and remains) unclear about the definition of ‘social media’ and prevaricated about which platforms would even be included in the ban (Facebook is; 4chan is not…).

In the end, this project conducted some 86 30-minute interviews with young people aged …